Effective quality and safety management in health care services is crucial for improving patient outcomes and ensuring the efficient delivery of care. In Rwanda, public hospitals play a vital role in the health care system, yet there is limited research on the implementation and effectiveness of quality and safety management practices in these institutions. This study aims to assess the current state of quality and safety management in public hospitals across Rwanda through a cross-sectional survey. It seeks to identify strengths, gaps, and areas for improvement in health care delivery.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among public hospitals in Rwanda, using a structured questionnaire designed to evaluate key aspects of quality and safety management. The survey covered areas such as patient safety protocols, quality assurance processes, staff training, incident reporting systems, and patient satisfaction. Data were collected from hospital administrators, healthcare professionals, and quality management personnel. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were employed to analyze the data.

The survey revealed that while many public hospitals in Rwanda have established basic quality and safety management systems, there are notable variations in the implementation and effectiveness of these practices. Key strengths identified include the presence of formal quality assurance policies and ongoing staff training programs. However, significant gaps were observed in incident reporting mechanisms and the systematic analysis of patient safety data. Additionally, challenges such as limited resources and inadequate infrastructure were frequently reported as barriers to effective quality management.

The findings highlight both progress and areas for improvement in quality and safety management within Rwandan public hospitals. To enhance health care delivery, it is crucial to address identified gaps by strengthening incident reporting systems, improving data analysis practices, and investing in infrastructure and resources. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, hospital administrators, and health care practitioners aiming to elevate the standards of care in Rwanda’s public health sector. Future research should focus on evaluating the impact of targeted interventions and exploring strategies to overcome existing challenges

Polio eradication has been a significant global health challenge, particularly in countries like Nigeria and India, which were once epicenters of the disease. This systematic review examines the key challenges faced and the strategies implemented in these two nations that ultimately led to the successful eradication of polio. In both countries, hurdles such as vaccine hesitancy, logistical difficulties, political instability, and socio-cultural barriers impeded progress. However, through coordinated efforts involving government agencies, international organizations, and local communities, significant strides were made. Vaccination campaigns, public health awareness, surveillance systems, and infrastructure improvements played critical roles in overcoming these obstacles. By comparing the experiences of Nigeria and India, this review highlights the lessons learned and provides insights for future global health initiatives aimed at eradicating other diseases. The findings emphasize the importance of community engagement, political will, and sustained efforts in achieving global public health goals.

Since the discovery of COVID-19, purulent-destructive lung diseases have been increasingly described and diagnosed around the world in patients who have fallen ill with or have had covid pneumonia. Treatment of purulent diseases of the lungs and pleura invariably remains an urgent problem. This pathology, painful for the patient, time-consuming for the doctor and expensive for the medical institution, combines intoxication due to a purulent-destructive process and impaired respiratory function.  The occurrence of infectious destruction of the lungs and pleura is facilitated by immunodeficiency and immunosuppression, which are characteristic of patients suffering from haematological diseases, increased tendency to thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, drug addiction, HIV infection, who have undergone extensive surgical interventions, organ and tissue transplantation. The peculiarity of the course of COVID lung infection is the consolidation of an inflammatory focus in the lungs, which can lead to the formation of abscesses and gangrene of the lungs, and sepsis, which is associated with high mortality in the long term after COVID disease. At the moment, the exact mechanism of development is not known, but it may be associated with diffuse alveolar damage, intraalveolar bleeding, stenosis or occlusion of alveolar arterioles, their thrombosis and, as a consequence of the above, necrosis of the cell parenchyma. Another factor in the occurrence of acute purulent-destructive lung diseases is pneumofibrosis, which is a frequent occurrence after covid pneumonia. A lung abscess is a necrotic lesion that forms a cavity filled with pus in the lung parenchyma with a characteristic level of fluid in the air on a chest X-ray. Most often, the cause of severe covid pneumonia is not only a virus but bacterial and fungal superinfection, including those associated with mechanical ventilation.

Diagnosis of acute purulent-destructive lung diseases is an urgent problem of modern medicine despite its long history. In this regard, the currently known achievements in the field of pulmonology, thoracic surgery and intensive care, including the entire arsenal of effective antibacterial drugs of the new generation, acute purulent-destructive lung diseases still retain their extreme prevalence and threat to human life. In this regard, our study aimed to increase the effectiveness of methods for early diagnosis of acute purulent-destructive lung diseases. As a result of the study, we proved the high diagnostic efficiency of computed tomography in detecting changes in the lung tissue in their acute purulent-destructive diseases, which makes it possible to timely and accurately determine the localisation and extent of the pathological process and identify the presence of destruction cavities in the lung tissue. From a practical point of view, we have proved that computed tomography is the main method for diagnosing acute purulent-destructive lung diseases and an effective method in assessing treatment dynamics.

The point of the ponder is to discover the level of discouragement among college understudies over sexual orientation, scholarly stream, semesters, recognition of family environment and relationship with guardians, scholarly execution, and family wage. In expansion, the think about analyzes the affiliation between students' seen college scholarly environment, living courses of action, individual issues, and sadness. Seven speculations were defined for confirmation. An add up to of 717 understudies were selected taking after the multistage cluster inspecting strategy, and information were collected by an extraordinarily planned organized survey, scholastic accomplishment record and a standardized College Understudies Misery Stock. Discoveries unveiled that 37.7%, 13.1%, and 2.4% of the understudies were enduring from direct, extreme, and amazingly serious misery. A critical contrast was found over semester, that's, semester II students detailed the next level of misery than semester III understudies. So distant as scholastic stream is concerned, understudies from humanities and social science were found to be enduring from more sadness compared to understudies from science and administration streams. The think about advance unveiled that the understudies who detailed positive sees almost the college scholarly environment and living courses of action had lower level of misery compared to their partners. Individual resilience's such as being able to sharing individual issues with others and doing customary work out were found to be related with positive mental wellbeing. The discoveries of the consider emphasize the require for quick mental wellbeing back administrations for approximately 15.6% of the understudies who were either enduring from serious or greatly extreme sadness at the Tashkent medical institute.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an intrinsically systemic infection that alludes to a long-term misfortune of kidney work. The movement of CKD has repercussions for other organs, driving to numerous sorts of extrarenal complications. Seriously ponders are presently being attempted to uncover the hazard components and pathophysiological component of this malady. Amid the past 20 a long time, expanding prove from clinical and fundamental ponders has shown that klotho, which was at first known as an anti-aging quality and is primarily communicated within the kidney, is altogether connected with the improvement and movement of CKD and its complications. Here, we talk about in detail the part and pathophysiological suggestions of klotho in particle clutters, the aggravation reaction, vascular calcification, mineral bone clutters, and renal fibrosis in CKD. Based on the pathogenic component of klotho insufficiency and klotho decrease in pee early in CKD organize 2 and indeed prior in CKD stage 1, it isn't troublesome to get it that solvent klotho can serve as an early and delicate marker of CKD. Besides, the anticipation of klotho decay by a few components can weaken renal wounds, impede CKD movement, enhance extrarenal complications, and make strides renal work. In this audit, we center on the capacities and pathophysiological suggestions of klotho in CKD and its extrarenal complications as well as its potential applications as a demonstrative and/or prognostic biomarker for CKD and as a novel treatment methodology to progress and diminish the burden of comorbidity in CKD.

This study was aimed at adapting the MMPI questionnaire into Uzbek and studying the voice of patients with Parkinson's disease and syndrome. We examined 120 patients, 100 of whom were with PD and the remaining 20 were healthy. Upon completion and calculation of the VHI-uz questionnaire data, participants even with many years of experience of Parkinsonism syndrome found that voice and speech disorders in these patients were insignificant and the VHI-uz data did not have significant violations and corresponded to the norm. Therefore, special attention was paid to the study of complaints from patients with PD. And when they filled out the VHI-uz questionnaire, it was found that more than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease and their relatives reported changes in their voice due to their disease and the relationship between the severity of the disease and the questionnaire (and its 3 domains: physical, functional and emotional) was established.

Interest in treating necrotising fasciitis in patients with diabetes mellitus is not decreasing, as evidenced by many publications devoted to this problem. Many methods of local treatment of necrotising fasciitis against the background of diabetes mellitus have been proposed, a variety of methods are used, including nanotechnological dressings, highly organised technologies, and physiotherapeutic procedures, as well as numerous single- and multi-component schemes, and new Medicines. At the same time, there are still no unified tactics for the treatment of necrotising fasciitis against the background of diabetes mellitus, the choice of the optimal intervention or combination in different phases of the inflammatory process has not been determined, which is not least due to the variety of approaches to presenting the results of treatment. To date, there is no standard for describing the features of the course of necrotising fasciitis against the background of diabetes mellitus. In connection with the above, this scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the clinical manifestation of necrotising fasciitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.