
THE IMPORTANCE OF KLOTHO PROTEIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an intrinsically systemic infection that alludes to a long-term misfortune of kidney work. The movement of CKD has repercussions for other organs, driving to numerous sorts of extrarenal complications. Seriously ponders are presently being attempted to uncover the hazard components and pathophysiological component of this malady. Amid the past 20 a long time, expanding prove from clinical and fundamental ponders has shown that klotho, which was at first known as an anti-aging quality and is primarily communicated within the kidney, is altogether connected with the improvement and movement of CKD and its complications. Here, we talk about in detail the part and pathophysiological suggestions of klotho in particle clutters, the aggravation reaction, vascular calcification, mineral bone clutters, and renal fibrosis in CKD. Based on the pathogenic component of klotho insufficiency and klotho decrease in pee early in CKD organize 2 and indeed prior in CKD stage 1, it isn't troublesome to get it that solvent klotho can serve as an early and delicate marker of CKD. Besides, the anticipation of klotho decay by a few components can weaken renal wounds, impede CKD movement, enhance extrarenal complications, and make strides renal work. In this audit, we center on the capacities and pathophysiological suggestions of klotho in CKD and its extrarenal complications as well as its potential applications as a demonstrative and/or prognostic biomarker for CKD and as a novel treatment methodology to progress and diminish the burden of comorbidity in CKD.
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease, klotho protein, pathogenic mechanism
References
Chapagain A, Dobbie H, Sheaff M, Yaqoob MM. Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcome of tuberculous-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis. Kidney Int. 2011 Mar;79(6):671-677.
Nasrollah Ghahramani, Zahra Karparvar, Mehrdad Ghahramani, Shahrouz Shadrou, International survey of nephrologists' perceptions and attitudes about rewards and compensations for kidney donation, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 2013, Pages 1610–1621,
Martín-Vírgala J, Martín-Carro B, Fernández-Villabrille S, Ruiz-Torres MP, Gómez-Alonso C, Rodríguez-García M, Fernández-Martín JL, Alonso-Montes C, Panizo S, Cannata-Andía JB, Naves-Díaz M, Carrillo-López N. Soluble Klotho, a Potential Biomarker of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorders Involved in Healthy Ageing: Lights and Shadows. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 3;25(3):1843.
Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Klotho and kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Nov-Dec;23 Suppl 16(Suppl 16):S136-44.
Liu QF, Yu LX, Feng JH, Sun Q, Li SS, Ye JM. The Prognostic Role of Klotho in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Dis Markers. 2019 Jun 2;2019:6468729.
Lee J, Kim D, Lee HJ, Choi JY, Min JY, Min KB. Association between serum klotho levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022 Oct 11;22(1):442.
Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Klotho and kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Nov-Dec;23 Suppl 16(Suppl 16):S136-44.
Zou D, Wu W, He Y, Ma S, Gao J. The role of klotho in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2018 Oct 22;19(1):285.
Rotondi S, Pasquali M, Tartaglione L, Muci ML, Mandanici G, Leonangeli C, Sales S, Farcomeni A, Mazzaferro S. Soluble α -Klotho Serum Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:872193.
Hu MC, Shi M, Zhang J, Quiñones H, Griffith C, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Klotho deficiency causes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jan;22(1):124-36.
Tsuchiya K, Nagano N, Nitta K. Klotho/FGF23 Axis in CKD. Contrib Nephrol. 2015;185:56-65.
Luo H, Zheng Z, Hu H, Sun C. Serum klotho levels and mortality patterns in frail individuals: unraveling the u-shaped association. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024 Apr 11;36(1):92.
Sugiura H, Yoshida T, Shiohira S, Kohei J, Mitobe M, Kurosu H, Kuro-o M, Nitta K, Tsuchiya K. Reduced Klotho expression level in kidney aggravates renal interstitial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012 May 15;302(10):F1252-64.
Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Adamczak M, de Oliveira RB, Massy ZA, Sarafidis P, Agarwal R, Mark PB, Kotanko P, Ferro CJ, Wanner C, Burnier M, Vanholder R, Wiecek A. Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group of the European Renal Association. Cardiovasc Res. 2023 Sep 5;119(11):2017-2032.
Zou D, Wu W, He Y, Ma S, Gao J. The role of klotho in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2018 Oct 22;19(1):285.
John GB, Cheng CY, Kuro-o M. Role of Klotho in aging, phosphate metabolism, and CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011 Jul;58(1):127-34.
Izquierdo MC, Perez-Gomez MV, Sanchez-Niño MD, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Andres O, Poveda J, Moreno JA, Egido J, Ortiz A. Klotho, phosphate and inflammation/ageing in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Dec;27 Suppl 4:iv6-10.
Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Klotho and kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2010 Nov-Dec;23 Suppl 16(Suppl 16):S136-44.
Zou D, Wu W, He Y, Ma S, Gao J. The role of klotho in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2018 Oct 22;19(1):285.
Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Secreted klotho and chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;728:126-57.
Burnier M, Damianaki A. Hypertension as Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Chronic Kidney Disease. Circ Res. 2023 Apr 14;132(8):1050-1063.
Jerin A, Mosa OF, Kališnik JM, Žibert J, Skitek M. Serum Klotho as a marker for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Med Biochem. 2020 Jan 23;39(2):133-139.
Reiss AB, Jacob B, Zubair A, Srivastava A, Johnson M, De Leon J. Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med. 2024 Mar 25;13(7):1881.
Kuro-o M. Klotho in health and disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2012 Jul;21(4):362-8.