The ageing prisoner population in Australia presents significant challenges in terms of healthcare, social support, and economic burden. As the number of older adults behind bars continues to rise, there is a pressing need to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of this demographic. This paper examines the escalating health, social, and economic costs associated with Australia's ageing prisoner population. It explores the prevalence of age-related health conditions among incarcerated individuals, the strain on healthcare systems, and the impact on social welfare programs. Additionally, it analyzes the economic implications of providing specialized care and support services for ageing prisoners. Through a comprehensive review of literature and data analysis, this study sheds light on the complexities of managing an ageing population within the criminal justice system and proposes strategies for mitigating the associated costs and challenges.